History of Hazel Atlas Glass Company (1880's-1956)
The Hazel Atlas
Glass company was formed in 1902 out of a merger between
the Atlas Company (circa 1880's) and the Hazel Company. This
union
started a long history which would later produce the largest glass
company
in the world.
Unlike many of the dozens of Glass manufacturers of the era,
Hazel Atlas
excelled in that not only did they produce functional and utilitarian
glass,
but they were the fore-runner of the household glass production which
was
an indispensable industry during the formative years of the Great
Depression.
While many glass houses closed or changed production away from
everyday
utilitarian glass, Hazel Atlas continued to make great strides in
manufacturing
the Glass our mother's and grandmothers would use everyday in cooking,
baking serving and storing food.
At first, after this 1902 merger, Hazel Atlas continued their
production
of fruit jars and commercial food storage containers, as they had for
many
years prior. Fierce competition in the fruit jar industry and a desire
to expand business, led the company to seek out other lines of
production.
This expansion had it's beginnings in the early 1920's when Hazel Atlas
would first produce, something that up until that time had primarily
been
relegated to the pottery and porcelain industry, A dinner ware line for
the average homemaker. Not a line of elegance or superiority, not a
line
of notable decoration and style, to appeal to the wealthy, but rather a
simple and plain line that the common housewife could purchase
inexpensively
and use everyday. This concept began in 1923 when Hazel Atlas
designed
and began production of what we know today as the Ovide pattern.
That year Hazel Atlas would be the first glass house in
America to produce
for widespread use, a colored transparent dinnerware, which today we
refer
to as Depression Glass. The Ovide pattern, which was produced
only
in green, would become the testing ground for the large majority of the
Hazel Atlas dinnerware lines over the next 30+ years.
Enjoying mild success from this first venture into dinnerware,
other
companies took note and began producing their own lines of dinnerware
as
well, only expanding the idea and adding in intricate patterns. This of
course, sparked a revolution in the American glass industry which would
last for practically 20 years and inspire Hazel Atlas to produce more
decorative
and appealing dinnerware lines such as: Cloverleaf, Florentine I,
Florentine
II, Royal Lace, New Century, Moderntone and Newport.
Hazel Atlas was so successful in their production, that they were the
only Glass Company and one of the few publicly traded Companies in the
USA to pay a stock dividend during all the depression years.
Not only were patterns becoming an important concept, but so
were a
flurry of colors. In addition to the original Green color, pink, Ritz
Blue,
yellow, amber, black, amethyst and white glass became equally important
in marketing their wares to the public.
Hazel
Atlas became industrious in formulating their own unique
colors
(even so, that they received a patent on one color and trademark on
another),
so as to easily distinguish them from their competitors, as now the
country
was in a great depression and successful marketing would determine the
fate of many glass houses. Note the difference in the Hazel Atlas blue
which was called Ritz Blue. It is distinguished from the deep cobalt
blue
of other companies, the golden yellow produced by Hazel Atlas has no
comparable
counterpart, and their pink glass (Sunset Pink) was consistently
formulated
so as not to deviate largely, like that of Jeannette and Hocking Glass
companies.
While most of these colors lasted only a few years on
different patterns,
the continued mainstay of Hazel Atlas was the clear glass (mostly
commercial),
green glass and a patented process they called Platonite.
Platonite is a semi-opaque white glass (which some incorrectly refer
to as milkglass). Hazel Atlas again striving to set themselves apart
from
the crowd, formulated and produced a semi opaque white glass
reminiscent
of the Victorian period milkglass produced some 50 years earlier by
various
glass houses. Hazel Atlas applied for and received in 1936 a US Patent
for this glass known as Platonite, being the first and only company
ever
to receive a patent for a color of glass.
Hazel Atlas continued innovating and defining the household
glass industry,
producing kitchenware, dinnerware, children's ware, commercial
containers
and hostess ware until in 1956 a buyout by the world's largest food
container
company, Continental Can Company, brought an end to over 50 years of
phenomenal
growth for a small glass house that had it's roots in Washington PA.
Although, it should be noted, Continental Can continued to produce
some lines and introduced new lines under the Hazelware label until
1963
when the US Government ordered the break up of Continental Can in a
much
publicized Anti-trust lawsuit (US vs. Continental Can Co).
Today, both original factories Hazel No. 1 and Hazel No. 2 still stand.
Hazel No. 1 was bought by the Chapman Corporation and is used as an
office
building, while Hazel No. 2 is being used as storage, warehouse and
office
space. The original smokestack on Hazel No. 2 still exists and is quite
visible from Interstate 70 in Washington PA. There were as many as 15 factories in operatioon in the USA; two in Zanesville OH, one each in Wheeling WV, Clarksburg WV,Grafton, WV Lancaster, NY, Ada OK, Oklahoma City OK, and at least two in California. (Thanks to Russ Crupe for his assistance)
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